Preheat the oven to 400°F and line a large rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper or foil.
Spread the trimmed asparagus and cherry tomatoes on one side of the pan.
Drizzle the vegetables with olive oil, add the minced garlic, and season with half the salt and pepper, then toss gently to coat.
Roast the vegetables for 8 to 10 minutes before adding the salmon.
While the vegetables roast, pat the salmon fillets dry with paper towels.
Season the salmon with the remaining salt and pepper.
Spoon about 1 tablespoon of pesto onto each fillet and spread it into an even layer.
Remove the pan from the oven, make space for the salmon, and place the fillets skin-side down on the pan.
Return the pan to the oven and bake for 10 to 12 more minutes, depending on thickness, until the salmon flakes easily and the center is just opaque.
Squeeze fresh lemon juice over everything, then finish with chopped dill or parsley and optional Parmesan before serving.